CUET UG 2025 Political Science Previous Year Solved Paper

wer: 2. To restructure its economy through structural adjustment
programme

wer: 1. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
All four statements correctly describe the problems linked with the Partition
of India in 1947.
• (A) True — The Muslim population in British India was not in one
continuous belt; it was spread out between the North-West (today’s
Pakistan) and the East (today’s Bangladesh). This made drawing
boundaries for Pakistan very complex.
• (B) True — Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Frontier Gandhi,
was from the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP). He was a close
associate of Mahatma Gandhi and firmly opposed the Two-Nation
Theory and the idea of Partition.
• (C) True — In provinces like Bengal and Punjab, which had large Muslim
populations, there were several districts with non-Muslim majorities.
This made the division of these provinces difficult and controversial.
• (D) True — The Partition caused massive communal violence. Hindus,
Sikhs, and Muslims suffered on both sides of the newly created borders,
leading to loss of lives, homes, and displacement of millions.
Hence, all statements (A), (B), (C), and (D) are correct.

wer: 2. Part IV in the Indian Constitution
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) are mentioned in Part IV of the
Indian Constitution, from Articles 36 to 51. They serve as guidelines for the
government to establish a welfare state. Although they are not legally
enforceable in a court of law, they are fundamental in the governance of the
country.

The framers of the Constitution borrowed the idea of DPSPs from the Irish
Constitution. These principles aim to promote social and economic democracy
alongside political democracy and guide the State in making laws and policies
that ensure justice, equality, and the well-being of citizens.

wer: 1. 1951–1952
The first general elections in independent India were conducted
between October 1951 and February 1952. These elections were held to form
the first Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.
It was the world’s largest democratic election at that time, involving over 17
crore eligible voters. The Indian National Congress, led by Jawaharlal Nehru,
won a landslide victory and Nehru became the first Prime Minister of
independent India elected through a democratic process.
The Election Commission, under Sukumar Sen, successfully managed this huge
task—an incredible achievement for a newly independent country.

wer: 4. 40 lakh
During the preparation of the first electoral rolls (1951–52) for India’s first
general elections, around 40 lakh (4 million) women were not
recorded properly.
The main reason was that many women had registered themselves as “wife
of,” “daughter of,” or “mother of” instead of using their own names. The
Election Commission, under Sukumar Sen, found this problematic because the
Indian Constitution grants individual identity and equality to every citizen —
including women.
Officials then worked hard to correct the records and ensure women were
registered in their own names, which was an important step in
promoting gender equality and women’s political participation in independent
India.

wer: 4. M. K. Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi did not take part in the Independence Day celebrations
on 15th August 1947.
While most national leaders and citizens celebrated India’s freedom in Delhi
and other major cities, Gandhiji chose to stay away from the festivities. He was
in Calcutta (now Kolkata) at that time, working tirelessly to stop communal
violence that had broken out due to the Partition of India.
Instead of celebrating, Gandhi spent the day fasting and praying for peace and
harmony between Hindus and Muslims. His absence symbolized his deep
sorrow over the violence and suffering that accompanied India’s
independence.

wer: 3. New Democratic Initiative
Between 1987 and 1991, the Indian government launched the New Democratic
Initiative, which focused on mass campaigns for development. The goal of this
initiative was to encourage people’s participation in the process of rural
development, poverty alleviation, and social awareness.
It was part of a broader effort to make development more democratic and
participatory, ensuring that citizens were directly involved in identifying and
solving problems within their communities. The emphasis was on grassroots
development and empowering local governance structures to make democracy
more meaningful at the village level.

wer: 1. Nationwide Milk Grid
Operation Flood was a revolutionary programme launched in 1970 by
the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) under the leadership of Dr.
Verghese Kurien, who is also known as the “Father of the White Revolution in
India.”

The main objective of this project was to create a nationwide milk grid that
connected milk producers across rural areas with major urban markets. It
aimed to increase milk production, ensure fair prices for farmers, and make
milk available at reasonable rates to consumers.
This programme transformed India from a milk-deficient country into
the largest producer of milk in the world. It is considered one of the most
successful rural development and dairy cooperative movements in history.

wer: 1. Article 51
Article 51 of the Indian Constitution, found under Part IV — Directive
Principles of State Policy (DPSPs), directs the State to promote international
peace and security.
It encourages India to maintain friendly relations with other nations, respect
international law, and work towards the settlement of international
disputes through peaceful means. This reflects India’s long-standing
commitment to world peace, non-alignment, and cooperation among
countries.
The text of Article 51 states that the State shall endeavour to:
• Promote international peace and security,
• Maintain just and honourable relations between nations,
• Foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, and
• Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

wer: 1. Jawaharlal Nehru
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, played a key role in
shaping India’s foreign policy after independence. He was deeply committed to
the idea of peaceful coexistence, non-alignment, and cooperation among newly
independent nations of Asia and Africa.

Nehru helped India become a leading voice in the Non-Aligned Movement
(NAM), which aimed to keep newly independent countries away from Cold
War power blocs (the USA and USSR). Under his leadership, India established
strong diplomatic relations with countries in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East,
promoting solidarity among nations that had recently gained freedom from
colonial rule.
His vision made India a respected leader among developing nations and an
advocate for global peace and equality.

wer: 3. Soviet Union
In August 1971, India signed a 20-year Treaty of Peace, Friendship and
Cooperation with the Soviet Union (now Russia).
This treaty was a landmark in India’s foreign relations, especially during a
period of rising tension in South Asia. The agreement aimed to
strengthen political, economic, and military cooperation between the two
nations and ensure mutual strategic support.
At that time, the Bangladesh Liberation War (1971) was intensifying, and
Pakistan had the backing of the United States and China. The treaty with the
Soviet Union gave India crucial diplomatic and strategic support during the
war, which later helped India in the successful liberation of Bangladesh.

wer: 4. (D) only
The Privy Purse was a payment or allowance promised to the rulers of
the princely states when they agreed to merge their territories into the Indian
Union after independence. This arrangement was meant to ensure a smooth
and peaceful integration of over 500 princely states into India.
• (A) True — It was indeed a financial grant given to the rulers of princely
states.

• (B) True — It was an assurance that rulers could retain some private
property and would receive a hereditary government allowance.
• (C) True — At the time of accession, there was very little criticism
because national integration was the top priority.
• (D) Not true — The idea of hereditary
privileges goes against the Constitutional principles of equality, social
justice, and democracy.
Therefore, only statement (D) is not true. The Privy Purse system was
later abolished in 1971 by the 26th Constitutional Amendment during Indira
Gandhi’s government, ending all special privileges of former princes.

wer: 4. (A), (C), (B), (D)
Let’s look at the timeline of each event:
• (A) DMK was formed — 1949
The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) was formed in 1949 by C.N.
Annadurai after breaking away from the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK).
• (C) K. Kamaraj proposed that all Congressmen should resign from office
— 1963
Known as the Kamaraj Plan, it suggested that senior Congress leaders
should leave government posts and work to strengthen the party
organization.
• (B) Indira Gandhi’s Ten Point Programme — 1967
In 1967, Indira Gandhi introduced a Ten Point Programme focusing on
economic reforms, nationalization of banks, and poverty alleviation.
• (D) Fifth General Election to Lok Sabha — 1971
The 5th Lok Sabha elections were held in 1971, where Indira Gandhi’s
slogan “Garibi Hatao” led the Congress to a major victory.

wer: 3. It led an anti-Hindi agitation against the Centre

The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) came to power in Tamil Nadu for the
first time in the 1967 state elections.
The major reason for its victory was its leadership of the anti-Hindi agitation in
the mid-1960s. The central government’s attempt to make Hindi the sole
official language after 1965 angered many non-Hindi-speaking states,
especially in Tamil Nadu.
The DMK, under C.N. Annadurai, strongly opposed this policy and mobilized
mass protests, portraying the Congress as insensitive to Tamil identity and
linguistic diversity. The agitation gained huge public support, leading to
the defeat of the Congress and the DMK’s historic victory — marking the first
time a non-Congress party formed the government in Tamil Nadu.

wer: 3. 1968
The Department of Defence Supplies was established in November 1968.
It was created after the Indo-China War (1962) and the Indo-Pak War
(1965) revealed major weaknesses in India’s defence preparedness and
supply management. The department’s main purpose was to improve the
procurement, production, and supply of defence equipment and strengthen the
country’s self-reliance in defence manufacturing.
Later, this department was merged into the Department of Defence Production
and Supplies, which now functions under the Ministry of Defence.

wer: 1. (A) – (IV), (B) – (III), (C) – (II), (D) – (I)
Let’s match each movement with its correct year or month:
• (A) Gujarat Movement – (IV) January 1974
The Navnirman Movement began in Gujarat in January 1974 as a student
protest against rising prices and corruption in the state government.
• (B) Bihar Movement – (III) March 1974
The Bihar Movement, led by Jayaprakash Narayan (JP Movement), started

in March 1974, demanding total revolution and reforms in politics and
governance.
• (C) Assam Movement – (II) 1979
The Assam Movement began in 1979 against illegal immigration,
demanding the detection and deportation of foreigners.
• (D) Railway Strike – (I) May 1974
The All India Railway Strike, led by George Fernandes, took place in May
1974, protesting for better wages and working conditions.

wer: 4. Dravidian movement
The slogan “Vadakku Vaazhgiradhu; Therkku Theigiradhu”, meaning “The
North thrives while the South decays,” was used during the Dravidian
Movement in Tamil Nadu.
This movement emerged in the early 20th century and gained strong political
influence by the 1940s and 1950s. It began as a social reform and self-respect
movement led by E.V. Ramasamy Periyar, opposing the dominance of North
Indian (especially Hindi-speaking and Brahminical) culture, language, and
politics.
The slogan expressed regional and linguistic resentment, emphasizing
the economic and political neglect of South India compared to the North. It
became a rallying cry for demanding greater state autonomy, recognition of
Tamil identity, and resistance to Hindi imposition.
This ideology later gave rise to political parties like the Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam (DMK) and AIADMK, which shaped Tamil Nadu’s political
landscape.

wer: 1. E.V. Ramasami Naicker

The Self-Respect Movement was started in 1925 by E.V. Ramasami Naicker,
popularly known as Periyar, in Tamil Nadu.
The main aim of the movement was to promote self-respect, equality, and
rational thinking among people, especially among the non-Brahmin
communities who faced social discrimination under the caste system. Periyar
opposed Brahminical dominance, superstitions, and gender inequality, and
encouraged people to question social and religious hierarchies.
The movement sought to build a society based on reason, equality, and dignity,
rather than birth or caste. It later inspired the Dravidian Movement, which
became a powerful political and social force in South India.

wer: 4. (C) and (D) only
Let’s analyse each statement:
• (A) ❌ Incorrect. In 1984, following Indira Gandhi’s assassination, the
Congress (under Rajiv Gandhi) won a massive majority — 404 seats.
In 1989, the Congress tally dropped sharply to 197 seats. So,
Congress won fewer, not more seats.
• (B) ❌ Incorrect. The phrase “end of the Congress system” refers to
the 1977 elections, when the Congress was defeated nationally for the
first time after independence. The 1991 elections actually saw
Congress return to power (under P.V. Narasimha Rao).
• (C) Correct. The 1989 Lok Sabha elections resulted in the defeat of
the Congress Party, but no single party gained a majority.
• (D) Correct. After the 1989 elections, the National Front coalition, led
by V.P. Singh, formed the government at the Centre with outside
support from the BJP and the Left parties.
Hence, the correct statements are (C) and (D).

wer: 3. Article 370
Article 370 of the Indian Constitution granted special status to the erstwhile
state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Under this article, Jammu and Kashmir had its own Constitution, separate flag,
and autonomy over internal matters except defence, foreign affairs, finance,
and communications, which remained under the jurisdiction of the Indian
government.
Indian Parliament’s power to make laws for the state was limited, and any
change in the application of laws to Jammu and Kashmir required the state
government’s concurrence.
However, on 5th August 2019, Article 370 was abrogated by the Government of
India, thereby ending the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. The state was
reorganized into two Union Territories — Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.

wer: 1. 1979
The All Assam Students’ Union (AASU) launched the anti-foreigner
movement in 1979.
The movement began when it was discovered that a large number of illegal
immigrants, mainly from Bangladesh, were included in the electoral rolls for a
by-election in the Mangaldoi constituency. This discovery triggered
widespread protests led by AASU and the All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad
(AAGSP).
The movement demanded the detection, deletion, and deportation of illegal
immigrants who had entered Assam after 1971 (the year of Bangladesh’s
formation). It continued for six years, from 1979 to 1985, and ended with the
signing of the Assam Accord in 1985 between the AASU leaders and the
Government of India.

wer: 3. (A), (D), (B), (C)

Let’s place each event in the correct historical order:
• (A) Naxalbari Uprising — 1967
The Naxalbari movement began in May 1967 in West Bengal as a peasant
uprising demanding land redistribution. It inspired the larger Naxalite
movement in India.
• (D) Kesavananda Bharati Case — 1973
In April 1973, the Supreme Court delivered the Kesavananda Bharati
judgment, establishing the Basic Structure Doctrine, which limited
Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution.
• (B) J.P. Narayan’s Ramlila Ground Protest — 1975
In June 1975, Jayaprakash Narayan led a huge rally in Delhi’s Ramlila
Maidan demanding Indira Gandhi’s resignation, which became a key
event leading to the Emergency (1975–77).
• (C) Shah Commission of Inquiry — 1977
After the Emergency ended, the Janata Party government came to power
in 1977 and set up the Shah Commission to investigate the abuses of
power during the Emergency.

wer: 2. Maintenance of a Muslim woman from her husband
The Shah Bano case (1985) was about a divorced Muslim woman’s right to
maintenance under Section 125 of the CrPC. The Supreme Court ruled that
Shah Bano was entitled to maintenance from her husband, even after divorce.
This case highlighted the issue of gender justice and conflict between personal
laws and the Constitution.

wer: 2. Unification of Germany
The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, divided East Germany (communist) and West
Germany (democratic) during the Cold War. Its fall in 1989 symbolised the end
of the Cold War and led to the unification of Germany in 1990.

It marked the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe and a major
shift toward democracy and freedom.

wer: 3. (A), (D), (B), (C)
• (A) China occupied Aksai Chin — 1957 (constructed a road through the
area claimed by India).
• (D) China’s massive invasion — 1962 (the Sino-Indian War).
• (B) Full diplomatic relations restored — 1976 (after a long freeze post-
war).
• (C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s visit — 1979, as External Affairs Minister, the
first high-level visit after the 1962 conflict.

wer: 2. (B), (A), (C), (D)
Let’s arrange them with years:
• (B) Soviet Union declares Warsaw Pact nations free — 1989
This marked the beginning of the end of Soviet dominance in Eastern
Europe.
• (A) Boris Yeltsin becomes head of the Communist Party in Moscow
— 1989
This increased his political prominence within the USSR.
• (C) Boris Yeltsin becomes President of Russia — June 1991
He was elected as the first President of the Russian Federation.
• (D) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) established
— December 1991
Formed after the disintegration of the USSR, replacing the Soviet Union
with a loose association of independent republics.

wer: 3. South Korea
The term “Miracle on the Han River” refers to South Korea’s rapid economic
transformation after the Korean War (1950–53).
From the 1960s to the 1990s, South Korea shifted from being a poor, war-torn
nation to a major industrial and technological power, with tremendous growth
in manufacturing, exports, and education.
This success was led by government planning, export-oriented policies, and
the rise of major corporations like Samsung, Hyundai, and LG. The phrase
highlights how the nation’s development mirrored a miracle, as the Han
River flows through its capital, Seoul.

wer: 2. Maastricht Treaty
The Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1992, formally created the European Union
(EU) and laid the foundation for the Euro currency and deeper political and
economic integration among member states.
However, Denmark and Sweden showed Euro-skeptic resistance to this treaty.
Denmark initially rejected it in a 1992 referendum, later accepting it only after
negotiating opt-outs (from the Euro and defence policy). Sweden also refused
to adopt the Euro after its own public opposition.
Their resistance reflected concerns about losing national
sovereignty and economic independence within the EU framework.

wer: 2. July 1972
The Shimla Agreement was signed on 2 July 1972 between Indian Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistan’s President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto after
the 1971 India–Pakistan War, which led to the creation of Bangladesh.
The agreement aimed to promote peaceful relations between the two
countries and laid the foundation for resolving issues through bilateral talks,

not third-party mediation. It also converted the ceasefire line in Kashmir into
the Line of Control (LoC).

wer: 4. 1996
The Farakka Treaty, officially known as the Ganga Water Sharing Treaty, was
signed on 12 December 1996 between India and Bangladesh.
It was signed by Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda of India and Prime Minister
Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh. The treaty aimed to ensure fair distribution of
Ganga river water at the Farakka Barrage near the India–Bangladesh border,
especially during the dry season (January to May).
The agreement is valid for 30 years and marked a significant step in improving
bilateral relations between the two neighbours.

wer: 3. World peace
The United Nations (UN) emblem consists of a world map surrounded by two
olive branches.
The olive branches are a symbol of peace, while the world map represents the
UN’s goal of bringing all nations together to promote harmony and
cooperation.
Thus, the branches symbolize the UN’s mission to maintain international peace
and security across the globe.

wer: 1. General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT)
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on 1 January 1995,
replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which had been
in place since 1948.

While GATT focused mainly on reducing tariffs and trade barriers,
the WTO expanded its scope to include services, intellectual property, and
dispute resolution between member countries.
The WTO’s main aim is to promote free and fair international trade and ensure
that trade flows smoothly and predictably.

wer: 1. (A) – (IV), (B) – (III), (C) – (II), (D) – (I)
• (A) Brundtland Report – 1987 (IV)
Published by the World Commission on Environment and Development,
it introduced the concept of sustainable development (“Our Common
Future”).
• (B) Antarctic Treaty – 1959 (III)
Signed in 1959, it set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and
banned military activity there.
• (C) Antarctic Environmental Protocol – 1991 (II)
Added in 1991, this protocol strengthened environmental protection
measures under the Antarctic Treaty.
• (D) Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro – 1992 (I)
Held in 1992, it focused on global environmental protection and
sustainable development.

wer: 1. Agra
The Vajpayee–Musharraf Summit took place in Agra (Uttar Pradesh) in July
2001.
It was a high-level meeting between Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari
Vajpayee and Pakistan’s President Pervez Musharraf, aimed at improving Indo–
Pakistan relations, especially concerning the Kashmir issue.

Although the talks were cordial and hopeful, the summit ended without a
formal agreement due to differences over the wording related to Kashmir and
cross-border terrorism.

wer: 3. (A) – (III), (B) – (I), (C) – (IV), (D) – (II)
• (A) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty – 1972 (III)
Signed between the USA and USSR to limit missile defence systems.
• (B) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) – 1968 (I)
Aimed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful
use of nuclear energy.
• (C) Chemical Weapons Convention – 1992 (IV)
Banned the production and use of chemical weapons globally.
• (D) India’s first nuclear test – 1974 (II)
Conducted at Pokhran, Rajasthan, called “Smiling Buddha.”

wer: 1. Depletion of the Earth’s resources
“Limits to Growth” is a famous 1972 report published by the Club of Rome,
prepared by a team of scientists led by Donella Meadows.
It warned that unchecked population growth, industrialization, and resource
consumption would lead to the depletion of the Earth’s natural resources,
causing economic and environmental collapse if not controlled.
The report emphasized the need for sustainable development and responsible
use of resources to ensure long-term survival.

wer: 4. The Antarctic and the Arctic polar regions
Both the Antarctic and Arctic regions are governed by special international
environmental protection agreements because of their fragile ecosystems and
global ecological importance.

• The Antarctic is protected under the Antarctic Treaty (1959) and
the Antarctic Environmental Protocol (1991), which ban military activity
and mining, and promote scientific research and environmental
preservation.
• The Arctic region is protected through various international
agreements focusing on pollution control, wildlife conservation, and
sustainable development due to its unique polar environment.

wer: 1. IMF (International Monetary Fund)
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a key global financial institution
that influences and determines economic policies across the world.
It provides financial assistance, policy advice, and economic monitoring to
member countries, especially those facing balance of payment crises. Through
its loan programs and structural adjustment policies, the IMF shapes national
economic policies related to fiscal management, currency stability, trade
liberalization, and financial reforms.
Q.39.
Correct Answer: 1. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
All four statements correctly explain the impact of globalisation on state
functioning and policy-making:
• (A) ✔️ Globalisation reduces the state’s capacity to independently make
economic and policy decisions.
• (B) ✔️ The government’s ability to act freely is limited by global market
forces and international institutions.
• (C) ✔️ The welfare state model has shifted toward a minimalist state,
focusing mainly on regulation, defence, and law and order.
• (D) ✔️ The market now plays a dominant role in setting economic and
social priorities instead of the state.

Answer: 1. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
All four statements correctly describe the impact of globalisation: weaker autonomous state capacity, a reduced welfare-state role, and greater market influence over policy priorities.

wer: 3. Cultural consequence of globalisation
‘McDonaldisation’ is a term coined by sociologist George Ritzer to describe
how globalisation spreads Western (especially American) culture and
lifestyle across the world.
It refers to the standardisation and homogenisation of cultures — where local
traditions, food habits, and lifestyles are replaced or influenced by global
brands like McDonald’s, Coca-Cola, and others.
This is a cultural consequence of globalisation, showing how local cultures
adapt to or lose out to global consumer culture.

wer: 3. 2008
Nepal abolished its 240-year-old monarchy and was declared a democratic
republic on 28 May 2008, following a long struggle by democratic and Maoist
forces.

wer: 1. Nepal was a Buddhist Kingdom in the past.
Nepal was a Hindu Kingdom, not a Buddhist one. The King was considered an
incarnation of Lord Vishnu.

wer: 2. 1990
In 1990, after a mass movement (Jana Andolan I), the King accepted the
people’s demand for a new democratic constitution, which introduced
a constitutional monarchy and multi-party democracy.

wer: 2. Durga Thapa

The woman seen in the picture is Durga Thapa, a well-known activist who
became a symbol of the 1990 democracy movement in Nepal.

wer: 4. Seven Party Alliance
The Seven Party Alliance (SPA), along with Maoist rebels, led the 2006 People’s
Movement (Jana Andolan II) that ultimately restored democracy and ended
monarchy in Nepal.

wer: 2. Tamils
The Tamil community in Sri Lanka is a minority, while the Sinhala
community forms the majority. The Sinhala-dominated government’s neglect
of Tamil rights led to the rise of Tamil nationalism and the LTTE movement.

wer: 2. Ceylon
Before becoming a republic in 1972, Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon. The name
was changed to reflect its national identity and independence.

wer: 3. “Tamil Eelam” or a separate country for the Tamilians
The LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) demanded an independent Tamil
state called “Tamil Eelam” in the north-eastern region of Sri Lanka.

wer: 2. Only (A), (B), and (C) are correct
• (A) ✔️ True — India signed the Indo–Sri Lanka Accord (1987) and sent
the IPKF.
• (B) ✔️ True — The IPKF withdrew in 1989 without success.

• (C) ✔️ True — The LTTE was defeated in 2009 by the Sri Lankan
military.
• (D) ❌ Incorrect — Sri Lanka became independent in 1948, not 1947.

wer: 2. 1989
The IPKF, deployed in 1987, was withdrawn in 1989 after failing to bring peace
between the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE.